Closed Medication Transfer Devices (CSTDs) are used to limit exposure to hazardous medications and prevent medication contamination. They can also help save money by reducing wasted medications and extending the

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) defines a closed-system drug transfer device (CSTD) as “a drug transfer device that mechanically prohibits the transfer of environmental contaminants into

Pain therapy is a constantly evolving medical field, which deals with the relief of chronic and acute pain, thus improving the quality of life of patients. However, therapeutic strategies can

Pain is a subjective and complex experience, which can vary from a mild annoyance to an intense torment. Pain therapy, or antalgic therapy, is a specialized branch of medicine that